No matter the shape, all viruses consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) and have an outer protein shell, known as a capsid. There are two processes used by viruses to replicate: the lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle. Some viruses reproduce using both methods, while others only use the lytic cycle.
- 1 Do all viruses go through lytic cycle?
- 2 What do all viruses have in common?
- 3 Are viruses lytic or lysogenic?
- 4 What viruses use the lysogenic cycle?
- 5 How lytic cycle is different than lysogenic cycle?
- 6 What is lytic cycle of virus?
- 7 How are retroviruses different from other viruses?
- 8 What determines whether a virus goes into the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle?
- 9 Which of the following virus has polyhedral morphology?
- 10 Do all viruses have a capsid?
- 11 Is influenza lytic or lysogenic?
- 12 What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle quizlet?
- 13 Which cycle is longer lytic or lysogenic?
- 14 Do all retroviruses have reverse transcriptase?
- 15 What do virus and retrovirus have in common?
- 16 What do all retroviruses have in common?
- 17 WHY IS A viruses reproduction cycle called the lytic cycle?
- 18 Is Adenovirus a polyhedral?
- 19 When not present in a host an individual virus is referred to as A or virus particle?
- 20 What is the common polyhedral capsid shape of viruses?
- 21 Why do viruses have capsids?
- 22 What is the difference between a viral envelope and a capsid?
- 23 Which feature is not found in viruses?
- 24 Can lysogenic become lytic?
- 25 Is common cold lytic or lysogenic?
- 26 Is Dengue lytic or lysogenic?
- 27 Which virus has reverse transcriptase?
- 28 Are all retroviruses double stranded?
- 29 Are all RNA viruses retroviruses?
- 30 Is polio lytic or lysogenic?
- 31 Is lytic or lysogenic worse?
- 32 Do all retroviruses have integrase?
- 33 Which viruses are retroviruses?
- 34 How are retroviruses different from other types of viruses quizlet?
- 35 What do viruses prokaryotes and eukaryotes all have in common?
- 36 How many viruses are retroviruses?
- 37 Do all retroviruses have envelopes?
- 38 How is viral reproduction different than cellular reproduction?
- 39 What is the meaning of lysogenic?
- 40 What’s the difference between a virus and a virion?
- 41 Why is virus called acellular?
- 42 What are the three main criteria used to classify viruses?
- 43 Which occurs in both the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?
- 44 Why do viruses have different shapes?
- 45 Which of the following is not a type of virus Mcq?
- 46 What is the difference between helical and icosahedral viruses?
- 47 How many sides does a polyhedral virus have?
- 48 What is spherical virus?
Do all viruses go through lytic cycle?
Not all animal viruses undergo replication by the lytic cycle. There are viruses that are capable of remaining hidden or dormant inside the cell in a process called latency. These types of viruses are known as latent viruses and may cause latent infections.
What do all viruses have in common?
All viruses contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (but not both), and a protein coat, which encases the nucleic acid. Some viruses are also enclosed by an envelope of fat and protein molecules. In its infective form, outside the cell, a virus particle is called a virion.
Are viruses lytic or lysogenic?
The lytic cycle involves the reproduction of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses; the viruses then burst out of the cell. The lysogenic cycle involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within.
What viruses use the lysogenic cycle?
An example of a virus that uses the lysogenic cycle to its advantage is the Herpes Simplex Virus. After first entering the lytic cycle and infecting a human host, it enters the lysogenic cycle. This allows it to travel to the nervous system’s sensory neurons and remain undetected for long periods of time.
How lytic cycle is different than lysogenic cycle?
The main difference between lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle is that lytic cycle destroys the host cell whereas lysogenic cycle does not destroy the host cell. Viral DNA destroys the host cell DNA and arrests the cell functions in the lytic cycle. However, in the lysogenic cycle, viral DNA may merge with the host DNA.
What is lytic cycle of virus?
In a lytic cycle, the virus introduces its genome into a host cell and initiates replication by hijacking the host’s cellular machinery to make new copies of the virus. Once infection is complete, the newly replicated and assembled virus particles are released through lysis of the host cell into the surrounding waters.
How are retroviruses different from other viruses?
Retroviruses differ from other viruses in that each virion contains two complete copies of the single-stranded RNA genome.
What determines whether a virus goes into the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle?
How does a phage “decide” whether to enter the lytic or lysogenic cycle when it infects a bacterium? One important factor is the number of phages infecting the cell at once 9start superscript, 9, end superscript. Larger numbers of co-infecting phages make it more likely that the infection will use the lysogenic cycle.
Which of the following virus has polyhedral morphology?
Adenovirus is an example of a polyhedral virus.
Do all viruses have a capsid?
Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. The majority of the viruses have capsids with either helical or icosahedral structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures due to constraints of elasticity and electrostatics.
Is influenza lytic or lysogenic?
(1) The cell may lyse or be destroyed. This is usually called a lytic infection and this type of infection is seen with influenza and polio.
What is the difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle quizlet?
What is the main difference between a lytic and lysogenic cycle? In the lytic cycle, the viral genome does not incorporate into the host genome. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral genome incorporates into the host genome and stays there throughout replication until the lytic cycle is triggered.
Which cycle is longer lytic or lysogenic?
Lytic Cycle | Lysogenic Cycle |
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The entire process is completed in a short amount of time. | It is a time-consuming process. |
It does not follow the lysogenic cycle. | The lysogenic cycle can follow the lytic cycle. |
Do all retroviruses have reverse transcriptase?
Retroviruses | |
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Family: | Retroviridae |
Subfamilies and genera |
What do virus and retrovirus have in common?
Retroviruses are a type of virus that use a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase to translate its genetic information into DNA. That DNA can then integrate into the host cell’s DNA. Once integrated, the virus can use the host cell’s components to make additional viral particles.
What do all retroviruses have in common?
All retroviruses contain three major coding domains with information for virion proteins: gag, which directs the synthesis of internal virion proteins that form the matrix, the capsid, and the nucleoprotein structures; pol, which contains the information for the reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes; and env, …
WHY IS A viruses reproduction cycle called the lytic cycle?
The lytic cycle is named for the process of lysis, which occurs when a virus has infected a cell, replicated new virus particles, and bursts through the cell membrane. This releases the new virions, or virus complexes, so they can infect more cells.
Is Adenovirus a polyhedral?
The Adenovirus and Poliomyelitis viruses are examples of naked viruses (Figure 10.3. 2); both exhibit polyhedral structures.
When not present in a host an individual virus is referred to as A or virus particle?
A virus particle that does not have an envelope is aptly called a “naked virus,” which hints at the lack of a coat. Inside the envelope, capsid is found that is the protein shell that encloses the viral genome and any other components necessary for to virus structure or function.
What is the common polyhedral capsid shape of viruses?
Polyhedral viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a polyhedral (many-sided) shell or capsid, usually in the form of an icosahedron.
Why do viruses have capsids?
The essential functions of the capsid are to protect the functional integrity of the viral RNA when the virion is outside the host cell and to initiate the infectious process when a receptor on a suitable host cell is encountered.
The main difference between capsid and envelope is that capsid is the protective coat of the genetic material of the virus whereas envelope is a protective covering of the protein capsid. Viruses that consist of an envelope are called enveloped viruses.
Which feature is not found in viruses?
Nonliving characteristics include the fact that they are not cells, have no cytoplasm or cellular organelles, and carry out no metabolism on their own and therefore must replicate using the host cell’s metabolic machinery. Viruses can infect animals, plants, and even other microorganisms.
Can lysogenic become lytic?
Transition from lysogenic to lytic
If a bacterium containing prophage is exposed to stressors, such as UV light, low nutrient conditions, or chemicals like mitomycin C, prophage may spontaneously extract themselves from the host genome and enter the lytic cycle in a process called induction.
Is common cold lytic or lysogenic?
They are lytic in nature and are among the smallest viruses, with diameters of about 30 nanometers.
Is Dengue lytic or lysogenic?
The Dengue virus goes through the lysogenic cycle. B is correct. In both creatures, the viral DNA is replicating both its DNA and the capsid coverings it needs to survive in the environment. This is known as the lytic cycle.
Which virus has reverse transcriptase?
Reverse transcriptase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that was discovered in many retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) in 1970.
Are all retroviruses double stranded?
Retroviruses (Rv) are double-stranded RNA viruses that integrate in to host the chromosome, and thus provide ‘permanent’ transfer of genes to a cell.
Are all RNA viruses retroviruses?
Retroviruses (Group VI) have a single-stranded RNA genome but, in general, are not considered RNA viruses because they use DNA intermediates to replicate.
Is polio lytic or lysogenic?
One such virus, poliovirus (PV), is an extremely lytic RNA virus that requires the expression of CD155, the poliovirus receptor (PVR), for infection.
Is lytic or lysogenic worse?
The lysogenic cycle is much slower and may not infect a host body as fast as the lytic cycle might, but it can still be just as deadly. Instead of replicating many copies of itself after it has inserted itself into a cell, the viral DNA (or RNA) incorporates itself into the genome of the cell, staying hidden.
Do all retroviruses have integrase?
Integrase core domain | |
---|---|
SCOP2 | 2itg / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
showAvailable protein structures: |
Which viruses are retroviruses?
Besides human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, there a two other retroviruses that can cause human illness. One is called human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and the other is called human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-II).
How are retroviruses different from other types of viruses quizlet?
How are retroviruses different from other types of viruses? – Retrovirus RNA is incorporated into the host cell’s DNA in order to be translated. – Retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase to transcribe a copy of DNA from their own RNA.
What do viruses prokaryotes and eukaryotes all have in common?
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have structures in common. All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA. The plasma membrane, or cell membrane, is the phospholipid layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the outside environment.
How many viruses are retroviruses?
Retroviruses are an important group of pathogens that cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Four human retroviruses are currently known, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which causes AIDS, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, which causes cancer and inflammatory disease.
Do all retroviruses have envelopes?
Retroviruses carry two envelope proteins on their surface, the surface and transmembrane envelope proteins, which are responsible for binding to the cellular receptor and fusion of the viral membrane with the cellular membrane.
Replication of Viruses. Populations of viruses do not grow through cell division because they are not cells. Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce new copies of themselves. After infecting a host cell, a virion uses the cell’s ribosomes, enzymes, ATP, and other components to replicate …
What is the meaning of lysogenic?
lysogeny, type of life cycle that takes place when a bacteriophage infects certain types of bacteria. In this process, the genome (the collection of genes in the nucleic acid core of a virus) of the bacteriophage stably integrates into the chromosome of the host bacterium and replicates in concert with it.
What’s the difference between a virus and a virion?
Viruses are nucleoproteins. They are non-cellular structures with infectious, genetic material. Virions are capsid encapsulated viruses with DNA or RNA molecules. It has both nucleic acid as well as protein layers.
Why is virus called acellular?
Viruses are acellular, which means they don’t have a cellular structure. As a result, they lack the majority of cell components such as organelles, ribosomes, and the plasma membrane.
What are the three main criteria used to classify viruses?
Viruses are classified on the basis of morphology, chemical composition, and mode of replication.
Which occurs in both the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle?
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within a bacterium. Temperate phages (such as lambda phage) can reproduce using both the lytic and the lysogenic cycle.
Why do viruses have different shapes?
The amount and arrangement of the proteins and nucleic acid of viruses determine their size and shape. The nucleic acid and proteins of each class of viruses assemble themselves into a structure called a nucleoprotein, or nucleocapsid.
Which of the following is not a type of virus Mcq?
2. Which of the following is not a type of virus? Explanation: Types of viruses are System or Boot Sector Virus, Direct Action Virus, Resident Virus, Multipartite Virus, Polymorphic Virus, Overwrite Virus, Space-filler Virus, File infectors, Macro Virus, Rootkit virus. Trojan does not come under types of virus.
What is the difference between helical and icosahedral viruses?
In comparison to a helical virus where the capsid proteins wind around the nucleic acid, the genomes of icosahedral viruses are packaged completely within an icosahedral capsid that acts as a protein shell.
How many sides does a polyhedral virus have?
Most polyhedral viruses have 20 triangular sides and 12 vertices (corners).
What is spherical virus?
Icosahedral. These viruses appear spherical in shape, but a closer look actually reveals they are icosahedral. The icosahedron is made up of equilateral triangles fused together in a spherical shape. This is the most optimal way of forming a closed shell using identical protein sub-units.