60% of the battlefield casualties in WWI were caused by artillery shells exploding. Shrapnel wounds were particularly brutal for soldiers. The word ‘shrapnel’ comes from the small lead balls placed in an artillery shell that would spread out over the battlefield when exploded.
- 1 What happened to Shell Shocked soldiers in ww1?
- 2 How many artillery shells fired ww1?
- 3 How were high explosive shells used in ww1?
- 4 How did ww1 artillery shells work?
- 5 What did many people think of soldiers with shell shock?
- 6 Did the British use flamethrowers in ww1?
- 7 Does shell shock still exist?
- 8 Who had the best artillery in ww1?
- 9 How were heavy artillery used in ww1?
- 10 How far could Big Bertha fire a shell?
- 11 How many shells were fired a day in WW1?
- 12 Did they have mortars in ww1?
- 13 What were shells in WW1?
- 14 How many casualties did artillery cause in ww1?
- 15 How far could ww1 artillery fire?
- 16 What did they call PTSD in ww1?
- 17 Does shellshock cause brain damage?
- 18 Was American truly neutral from 1914 to 1917 Why or why not?
- 19 What did they call PTSD in ww2?
- 20 Why were most dead and wounded soldiers left in no man’s land?
- 21 What was the most traumatic war?
- 22 What were the most common weapons in ww1?
- 23 Is napalm a war crime?
- 24 Who used machine guns in ww1?
- 25 What were flamethrowers used for in ww1?
- 26 Are artillery shells still used today?
- 27 Was the Paris gun fired?
- 28 How accurate was the Paris gun?
- 29 How was the Gustav gun destroyed?
- 30 Did they use gas in ww1?
- 31 How many shells fired at Verdun?
- 32 What happens when an artillery shell explodes?
- 33 How many shells did the Germans fire in ww1?
- 34 When were explosive shells first used?
- 35 Why did Germany lose WW1?
- 36 Who is the cause of World War 1?
- 37 Did they use cannons in WW1?
- 38 How did soldiers aim mortar?
- 39 Are trench mortars still used today?
- 40 What was a mortar in World war 1?
- 41 How many soldiers are still missing from ww1?
- 42 How many veterans are still alive from World war 1?
- 43 Which country lost the most soldiers in ww1?
- 44 Does Shell Shock still exist?
- 45 How did ww1 artillery shells work?
- 46 What happened to Shell Shocked soldiers in ww1?
- 47 What happened to the shell shocked soldier?
- 48 Is shell shock and PTSD the same?
- 49 Did shell shock exist before ww1?
- 50 How long does shell shock last?
- 51 What is a thousand yard stare?
- 52 How many soldiers had shell shock in ww1?
- 53 How many soldiers suffered from PTSD in ww1?
- 54 What did psychiatrist John Appel discover?
What happened to Shell Shocked soldiers in ww1?
Many soldiers suffering from the condition were charged with desertion, cowardice, or insubordination. The unlucky ones were subjected to a mock trial, charged, and convicted. Some shell shocked soldiers were shot dead by their own side after being charged with cowardice. They were not given posthumous pardons.
How many artillery shells fired ww1?
The shells are now harmless. About 1.5 billion shells were fired during the war here on the Western Front. Colling and his colleagues bring in between 50,000 and 75,000 tons of them a year.
How were high explosive shells used in ww1?
The picric acid high explosive (HE) shell, employed principally for reducing fortifications through blast effect, was triggered by a time or impact fuse. Besides shrapnel, the German army produced unitary shells filled with a matrix of high explosives and shot.
How did ww1 artillery shells work?
Shrapnel rounds were designed to kill infantry. Their timed fuses were designed to trigger in flight just above enemy formations. Instead of being packed with explosives, they had a smaller charge surrounded by metal balls. The explosion sent them scything through flesh.
What did many people think of soldiers with shell shock?
During World War I, some people saw shell shock as cowardice or malingering, but Charles S. Myers convinced the British military to take it seriously and developed approaches that still guide treatment today.
Did the British use flamethrowers in ww1?
The British army experimented with flamethrowers but, with the notable exception of a handful of huge, static flame projectors, did not adopt them. However, in the 1918 raid on Zeebrugge harbour, both fixed and portable flamethrowers were employed by the Royal Navy.
Does shell shock still exist?
Shell shock | |
---|---|
Specialty | Psychiatry |
Who had the best artillery in ww1?
If ever there was an artillery piece that dominated the battlefield, it was the German 88. Originally designed as an anti-aircraft gun, until German soldiers—whose early anti-tank guns were ineffective against Allied heavy tanks—discovered that the 88 was a superb tank-killer.
How were heavy artillery used in ww1?
Artillery (heavy guns) played a big part in the battlefields of World War I. A bombardment that was aimed well could destroy enemy trenches, and knock out artillery batteries (groups of guns) and communication lines. It could also help break up an attack by infantry (soldiers on foot).
How far could Big Bertha fire a shell?
In March of 1918, the Germans began bombarding Paris with yet another new weapon, “Big Bertha,” an enormous gun that hurled shells up to 75 miles.
How many shells were fired a day in WW1?
By May 1915, so serious was the “shell crisis” that most British guns had been reduced to firing just four shells a day and it seemed as if the war was going to be lost, not in the trenches of Flanders but the factories of Britain.
Did they have mortars in ww1?
The progenitor of most present-day mortars is the Stokes mortar, designed in January 1915 by British weapons designer F.W.C. (later Sir Wilfred) Stokes and used in World War I. The Stokes mortar was portable, weighing 49 kg (108 pounds). It could fire up to 22 rounds per minute at a range of 1,100 metres (3,600 feet).
What were shells in WW1?
60% of the battlefield casualties in WWI were caused by artillery shells exploding. Shrapnel wounds were particularly brutal for soldiers. The word ‘shrapnel’ comes from the small lead balls placed in an artillery shell that would spread out over the battlefield when exploded.
How many casualties did artillery cause in ww1?
Germany | 2,000,000 |
---|---|
British Empire | 1,000,000 |
Italy | 460,000 |
How far could ww1 artillery fire?
The guns’ range was so great Parisians initially believed they were under attack from high altitude zeppelins because the gun could be neither seen nor heard at such a distance. It could fire shells up to 80 miles.
What did they call PTSD in ww1?
Post-traumatic stress disorder was a major military problem during World War I, though it was known at the time as “shell shock.” The term itself first appeared in the medical journal The Lancet in Feb. 1915, some six months after the “Great War” began.
Does shellshock cause brain damage?
Because shell shock was characterized by a wide range of common symptoms, it was open to multiple etiological explanations. At first, forces of compression and decompression were thought to cause a cerebral lesion, a form of commotio cerebri (5) .
Was American truly neutral from 1914 to 1917 Why or why not?
Put simply the United States did not concern itself with events and alliances in Europe and thus stayed out of the war. Wilson was firmly opposed to war, and believed that the key aim was to ensure peace, not only for the United States but across the world.
What did they call PTSD in ww2?
About twice as many American soldiers showed symptoms of PTSD during World War II than in World War I. This time their condition was called “psychiatric collapse,” “combat fatigue,” or “war neurosis.”
Why were most dead and wounded soldiers left in no man’s land?
A soldier wounded in no-man’s land would be left until it was safe to bring him back to his trench, usually at nightfall. Sadly, some soldiers died because they could not be reached soon enough. Sickness was also a major cause of casualty, and in some areas, more than 50 percent of deaths were due to disease.
What was the most traumatic war?
World War One and Vietnam are the wars most closely associated with post-traumatic stress – but it was also a huge problem for the combatants in World War Two, and one that may still be affecting their children and grandchildren today.
What were the most common weapons in ww1?
Rifles were by far the most commonly used weapon of the war. The standard British rifle was the Short Magazine Lee Enfield Rifle Mk III.
Is napalm a war crime?
International law does not specifically prohibit the use of napalm or other incendiaries against military targets, but use against civilian populations was banned by the UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) in 1980.
Who used machine guns in ww1?
A gun based on his design became standard issue for the British Army during World War I, which became known as “the machine gun war.” In 1884, Hiram Maxim built the first effective machine gun, which revolutionized warfare.
What were flamethrowers used for in ww1?
Of all the weapons introduced during the war, the flamethrower was one of the most feared. First used by the German shock troops, the weapon proved to be an effective tool against fortifications and trenches, showering the enemy with burning liquid and flushing out troops who would be otherwise unassailable.
Are artillery shells still used today?
Shells of 105 and 155 mm for artillery and 105mm and 120 mm for tank guns in NATO. Artillery shells of 122, 130, and 152 mm and tank gun ammunition of 100, 115, and 125 mm caliber remain in use in Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Northern Africa, and Eastern Asia.
Was the Paris gun fired?
Use in World War I
The Paris gun was used to shell Paris at a range of 120 km (75 mi). The gun was fired from a wooded hill (Le mont de Joie) near Crépy, and the first shell landed at 7:18 a.m. on 23 March 1918 on the Quai de la Seine, the explosion being heard across the city.
How accurate was the Paris gun?
The gun was capable of firing a 234 lb shell to a range of 81 miles. As military weapons, the Paris Guns were not a great success: the payload was minuscule, the barrel required frequent replacement and its accuracy was only good enough for city-sized targets.
How was the Gustav gun destroyed?
The gun was moved to Leningrad, and may have been intended to be used in the Warsaw Uprising like other German heavy siege pieces, but the uprising was crushed before it could be prepared to fire. Gustav was destroyed by the Germans near the end of the war in 1945 to avoid capture by the Soviet Red Army.
Did they use gas in ww1?
The most commonly used gas in WWI was ‘mustard gas’ [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide]. In pure liquid form this is colorless, but in WWI impure forms were used, which had a mustard color with an odor reminiscent of garlic or horseradish.
How many shells fired at Verdun?
French guns at Verdun fired over 10,000,000 rounds with the field artillery, over 1,000,000 medium-calibre rounds, and 600,000 large-calibre rounds. At the conclusion of this enormous expenditure of blood and treasure, the lines were little changed from where they had been in early February.
What happens when an artillery shell explodes?
See, the explosion at the heart of the an artillery round creates lots of shrapnel because of the sudden expansion of air as the explosive is consumed. But, the blast wave keeps going and can break apart other things, like the concrete or steel protecting you, or even your own body.
How many shells did the Germans fire in ww1?
In the First World War, the German field artillery is said to have fired 222 million rounds.
When were explosive shells first used?
Explosive shells came into use in the 16th century or perhaps even earlier. These were hollow cast-iron balls filled with gunpowder and called bombs. A crude fuse was employed, consisting of a short tube, filled with a slow-burning powder, driven into a hole through the wall of the bomb.
Why did Germany lose WW1?
Germany failed to succeed in World War One because of three main reasons, the failure of the Schlieffen plan, nationalism, and the allies’ effective use of attrition warfare. … Another factor that caused the failure of the Schlieffen plan was Belgian resistance and the entrance of Britain into the war.
Who is the cause of World War 1?
The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914) was the main catalyst for the start of the Great War (World War I). After the assassination, the following series of events took place: • July 28 – Austria declared war on Serbia.
Did they use cannons in WW1?
Despite the advent of new technologies like aircraft, machine guns, and armored vehicles, artillery was the primary weapon of World War 1. Artillery was the primary threat to ground troops in the war and was the main reason for the development of trench warfare.
How did soldiers aim mortar?
A mortar is an artillery weapon which fires explosive shells. The shells are known as (mortar) bombs. They are fired at targets which are close, as mortars do not have long range. It has a short barrel which fires the mortar bomb at a low speed high into the air to reach its target.
Are trench mortars still used today?
It became the standard issue for the British army for several decades and was the most widely used mortar among the Allied armies. Indeed, most mortars in use today are direct descendants of the Stokes mortar.
What was a mortar in World war 1?
Mortars were among the very first gunpowder weapons, lobbing projectiles in arcs to fall down upon the enemy, as catapults and trebuchets did. This meant the gunners could hit targets who were out of sight and protected by terrain or defenses from the firepower of cannons and handguns.
How many soldiers are still missing from ww1?
AS MANY AS 4 million American military personnel served in the First World War. More than 110,000 of them never returned; 4,400 are still listed as missing in action.
How many veterans are still alive from World war 1?
Country served | Name | Died |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | Hughes, Netherwood (Ned) | 4 April 2009 (108) |
United Kingdom | Patch, Henry John (Harry) | 25 July 2009 (111) |
United Kingdom | Stone, William Frederick (Bill) | 10 January 2009 (108) |
United States | Buckles, Frank Woodruff | 27 February 2011 (110) |
Which country lost the most soldiers in ww1?
Country | Total mobilized forces | Killed or died 1 |
---|---|---|
Russia | 12,000,000 | 1,700,000 |
Serbia | 707,343 | 45,000 |
Turkey | 2,850,000 | 325,000 |
United States | 4,734,991 | 116,516 |
Does Shell Shock still exist?
Shell shock | |
---|---|
Specialty | Psychiatry |
How did ww1 artillery shells work?
Shrapnel rounds were designed to kill infantry. Their timed fuses were designed to trigger in flight just above enemy formations. Instead of being packed with explosives, they had a smaller charge surrounded by metal balls. The explosion sent them scything through flesh.
What happened to Shell Shocked soldiers in ww1?
Many soldiers suffering from the condition were charged with desertion, cowardice, or insubordination. The unlucky ones were subjected to a mock trial, charged, and convicted. Some shell shocked soldiers were shot dead by their own side after being charged with cowardice. They were not given posthumous pardons.
What happened to the shell shocked soldier?
At that moment in time everything he’s been raised to work within, the social constructs which make up every part of his life just exploded and shattered to nothing, and he’s lying there, slumped in a trench, afraid for his life, hearing and seeing death around him, his entire psyche broken.
Is shell shock and PTSD the same?
So essentially, PTSD and shell shock are the same thing, although the term shell shock is generally only applied to wartime situations, while PTSD is applied to almost any kind of traumatic stress. PTSD sufferers often relive traumatic experiences.
Did shell shock exist before ww1?
All had suffered trauma after exposure to blast force on the battlefield, mostly from improvised explosive devices (IEDs)—the signature injury of recent campaigns, just as shell shock from exploding artillery shells had been the signature injury of World War I, a hundred years before.
How long does shell shock last?
Evolution away from shell-shock
Work from other clinicians after WWII and the Korean War suggested that post-war symptoms could be lasting. Longitudinal studies showed that symptoms could persist anywhere from six to 20 years, if they disappeared at all.
What is a thousand yard stare?
The thousand-yard stare or two-thousand-yard stare is a phrase often used to describe the blank, unfocused gaze of combatants who have become emotionally detached from the horrors around them. It is also sometimes used more generally to describe the look of dissociation among victims of other types of trauma.
How many soldiers had shell shock in ww1?
Probably over 250,000 men suffered from ‘shell shock’ as result of the First World War. The term was coined in 1915 by medical officer Charles Myers.
How many soldiers suffered from PTSD in ww1?
By the end of World War One, the army had dealt with 80,000 cases of ‘shell shock’.
What did psychiatrist John Appel discover?
Psychiatrist John Appel, who studied combat exhaustion cases during the Battle of Monte Cassino and Anzio Campaign, came to the sobering conclusion that, “Practically all men in rifle battalions who are not otherwise disabled ultimately became psychiatric casualties.”